Biodiversity
" Indonesia is one of the five most species diverse countries in the world. 1
" Contains 12% of all mammal species, 32% of all reptiles, 24% of amphibian species and 16% of all bird species, 33% of insect species, 24% of fungi species and 10% of higher plants. 1
" Of the 39- 42 primate species found in Indonesia 1a, 20 were discovered to have lost more than half their original habitat ten years ago. 2
" TPNP is home to over 220 bird species, 17 reptile species and 29 mammal species The proboscis monkey is endemic to Borneo and TPNP* has one of the largest remaining populations. 3
" Indonesia has 763 threatened species, the third highest country behind the USA at the top. 140 species of mammals threatened, the highest number in the world. 4
" 1000 orangutans are lost each year in Sumatra; in Borneo it's probably even higher. 5

Forest Figures
" The world's third largest tract of tropical rain forests. 6
" Indonesia's forests represent 10% of the world's remaining tropical forests. 7
" Tropical forest area 104,986,113 hectares. 8
" Lowland forest, outside protected areas, is likely to be cleared in Sumatra by 2005 and in Kalimantan by 2010. 9
" Indonesia has lost 75% of its original natural forest habitat. 10
" In the last 32 years Indonesia lost 40 million hectares of forest, equivalent to the combined size of Germany and Netherlands. 11
" 20 million hectares of forest, much of it species-rich lowland forest has been lost over the last 12 years. 9
" Annual deforestation rate is nearly 2 million hectares year. 9
" Forest cover fell from 162 million hectares in 1950 to 98 million hectares in 2000. 8

Logging
" The Indonesian government loses US$3 billion in tax revenues each year. 10
" Combined log consumption capacity of plywood, sawn wood and pulp and paper industries is 75 million m3 (cubic metres) per year. Forest ministry official harvest figures are just under 25 million m3 per yr. This means that industries obtained between one-half and two-thirds of the logs they consumed from illegal or unsustainable sources. 12
" A study in 2000 by Indonesia-UK Tropical Forest Management Programme concluded that 73% of Indonesia's logging was illegal. 11
" The value of timber stolen from TPNP is US$8 million every year. 13
" Ramin is the most valuable tree species found in Indonesia, reaching US$1000 per m³ on the international market when processed. In 2000 there was an annual theft of over 300,000 m3 of ramin from TPNP. 14

*TPNP- Tanjung Puting National Park.

UK Imports
" The UK is the EU's biggest importer of illegal tropical timber. It accounts for 20% of the EU's imports of illegal timber. 11
" The UK was supplied with 540,000 m3 of illegal tropical timber in 1999. 11

Fire Damage
" 5-10 million hectares of forest were lost in the 97-98 fires - with a release of one billion tonnes of carbon into the atmosphere (Western Europe's CO² emissions are below 900 million tonnes a year). 2

Palm Oil Plantations
" Production has increased by 57% since 1993. 2
" Indonesia accounts for 31% of the world production of palm oil (expected to be 41.4% by 2005). 15
" The aim of the Suharto Government was a total of 5.5 million hectares of palm oil plantations by 2000 - in 1999 the figure had reached 3 million. (3 million hectares is nearly five times the size of Bali ). 16
" In 1999, 330,000 hectares of forest was converted annually for palm oil. 17
" World demand for palm oil has increased by 32% over the last five years and is growing at 7% per year. 15
" Global demand is expected to increase by 50% in the next five years. 16

Certification
" The LEI (Lembaga Eko-label Indonesia ) was set up in 1993 under the chairmanship of ex-environment minister Emil Salim. The system wasn't agreed until 1998. 18
" LEI and FSC signed a MOU in 1999 and an Indonesian timber company's operations must now pass both certification systems. 18
" None of the timber companies which took part in LEI's eco-label trials were judged 'fully prepared' and only 40% were considered 'adequately prepared' to match up to international certification standards. 18
" No concessions have been certified in Kalimantan as yet. 18

Pulp and Paper
" As much as 40% of the wood used by Indonesian pulp producers between 1995 and 1999 came from illegal sources. 19
" Of the 100 million m³ of wood estimated to have been consumed by the pulp industry since 1987, no more than 8% was harvested from plantations. 20
" Pulp and paper subsectors have expanded by nearly 700% since 1987. 19
" Massive expansion in plywood, pulp, and paper production in last 2 decades means demand for wood fibre now exceeds legal supplies by 35-40 million m3 per year. 8

References
1-Mackinnon J.-Protected Areas Systems Review of Indo-Malayan Realm- The World Bank. 1997.
1a- Pers comm, J. Supriatna C.I. Indonesia- May 2002.
2-The Politics of Extinction -EIA 1998.
3-Galdikas B and Shapiro G-A Guidebook to TPNP. 1994
4-IUCN Red List 2000
5-Schaik C.et al-Leuser's orang-utans in dramatic decline. Oryx 35, January 2001.
6-Asia Times, "World Bank, IMF chided on Indonesian forest" 27/10/2001
7-Global Forest Watch -website www.globalforestwatch.org
8- World Resource Institute- The State Of The Forest- Indonesia. Website updated 22/04/02.
9-World Bank - Biodiversity at the World Bank- Indonesia's Richest Forests Lost by 2010? - June 2001.
10-Jakarta Post '' RI, UK to curb illegal logging"25/4/02
11-FOE Briefing 2001- European League Table of Imports of Illegal Timber
12-Jakarta Post " Overcapacity in forestry Sector" 27/1/2000
13- Illegal Logging In TPNP An Update on The Final Cut. EIA & Telapak Indonesia. July 2000.
14- Timber trafficking. EIA & Telapak Indonesia. September 2001.
15- Trial By Fire- Forest Fires & Forestry Policy in Indonesia's Era of Crisis and Reform- World Resource Institute 2000.
16- Telepak report 2000
17- Oil Palm in Indonesia- Down To Earth. May 2000.
18- Down To Earth. June 2001
19- Barr, C. Profits on Paper- CIFOR and WWF. 30/11/2000
20- Friends of the Earth- Briefing on Asia Pulp & Paper. June 2001.